Scrambling, much-branched perennial evergreen climber. Stems are strong, brown, flexible and smooth. Leaves are dark green, opposite and lanceolate. Flowers are fragrant, paired and white/yellow. Fruit is hard and green, ripening to soft black berries.
To help protect our environment:
Disturbed sites, riparian and forest margins, scrubland, canopy gaps, bare ground.
Seeds dispersed by birds. Vegetative spread from fragmentation. Human-mediated dispersal through dumping of garden waste and contamination of machinery.
Forms dense mats, smothering native vegetation. Harbours mice and facilitates other invasive plants. Hosts several pathogens in orchards, overgrows young plants and inhibits pine growth through allelopathy in forestry plantations.
Cut and pull vines away from desirable trees and native plants before foliar spraying. Follow up treated areas 3 times per year. Encourage natural regeneration of native plants or replant treated areas where possible after 2-3 treatments to establish dense ground cover and minimise reinvasion.
CAUTION: When using any herbicide or pesticide please read the label thoroughly to ensure that all instructions and safety requirements are followed.